1 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes EW- 001 3 parents are big role models Very strict disciplined behaviour Discipline Identity: Culture strong values (Calvinistic) Strong Afrikaner Identity Rural/semi-rural setting Both parents are teachers Competitive coaching Competitive Personality: Competitive Hard working student High work ethic/ Afrikaner identity Strong Afrikaner Identity Personality: Work Ethic 4 Very loving environment secure/ loving environment Upbringing: Security Eldest sibling/ only female Personality: Leader High achiever High Achiever Recognition + Excellence Highly numerate/ turns down engineering Status (Visibility) Generalist degree/ Bcom Tried accounting - big challenge Frustration Excellence Control over accounting discipline/ control excellence 2 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes High achiever/ distinctions High Achiever Recognition/ Excellence/ High Achiever Status (Visibility) 5 Introduced to journalism High Achiever/ Passion for journalism Meaning/ Passion Experienced thrill of typewriter noises Fell in love with Journalism Completed Honours in Journalism - Distinctions Internship - Naspers Security Love for journalism - Extra mile Work Ethic 5/6 Turns down offer in daily Afrikaans daily Independence accepts offer with Sallie de Swart at F&T - financial weekly in JHB Sponsor - security and comfort 6 Moves to work stay in JHB - First time away from home Out of comfort zone Lack of control Unfamiliar surroundings as was new reporting subject (Labour Reporting) Anxiety - Lack of control (social, environment, ability to excel, fear of disappointing sponsor) Performance Anxiety Status Anxiety 3 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 7 Was asked to meet up with T/U leaders to learn Labour matters Development of new perspectives Leaders were also political leaders in Apartheid struggle out of comfort zone/ identity transformation/ new ideological perspectives ambiguities/ transformation Became politically aware Taken out of her comfort zone of Afrikaner social identity Existential Anxiety Experienced disillusionment with educational and social education/ upbringing Moved from narrow social perspective to a broader ideological perspective Identifies herself as middle class - but raised frugally Identity: Class 8 Very conservative religiously and politically Identity: Cultural/ comfort Exposed to dissenting political views at Uni growth 4 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes Major impact of Tutu acceptance speech for Nobel Prize transition of political identity Identity: political liberal Currently identifies as being Liberal New political identity Grateful for having met all political and T/U personalities during journalistic stint - major impact on her life Applied successfully to become political journalist at an English daily (Star) Identity: political liberal 9 Big political change in country - travels with Nelson Mandela and Mbeki on world tour Develops political insight Claims she was never exposed to political interference in her Naspers no political interference as journalist Sponsor: secure/ comfort At F&T tasked to write about ANC economic policy (interacting while ANC was banned) Sponsor: secure environment/ Explore 10 Considers Sallie (F&T) very liberal for 5 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes encouraging the article Article is well received by broader media (Eng. & Afr) Recognition Status (Visibility) Sallie is her sponsor - never experiences conservatism no interference Sponsor: comfort and security No political interference from Naspers - considers them liberal 11 Excellent training operationally and experience at Star Operational and technical development in career Excellence Responsibility for Staff as sub editor Became sub editor to start family Opportunity arises to move to CT - Husband offered job Moving back home and to Naspers Security and comfort 12 Could not work together with husband at Argus Sallie offers her a job as a rewriter at Naspers (DRUM Mag) Developed a good feel for black society as a content analyst for Drum New transition for career Excellence/ secure environment/ control 6 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes Promoted to deputy editor (Fairlady mag) Applied for editor at Fairlady - but offered editor of YOU magazine 13 Progressed to editor of YOU, DRUM and Huisgenoot These were cash cows - but in financial stress She was offered editorship of the flagship mags to turn it around financially Consulted with colleagues - took on challenge Accomplished turnaround in 3 years Excellence/ secure environment/ control Built a strong team of deputy editors - proud of accomplishment Recognition Status (Visibility) 14 KB offers her Media 24 (M24) CEO position Sponsor support Sponsor: secure/ comfort Initially believed she was not deserving but accepts after Anxiety - new transition Performance Anxiety 7 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes getting support of her family Sallie also big influencer of her career - offered her opportunities and trusted he to get job done Trust Rcognition 15 High work ethic - does not like failure Success rewarded; Able to deal with high stress environment as a leader Anxiety: excellence/ work ethic/ lack of control Running 3 weekly mags was good but tough training ground High stress environment Very difficult period in career - long hours. Shapes her for any challenge. Performance Anxiety 16 She is a uncompromising in her standards Feels insecure if not in control of situation (150% on top of things) Able o understand that not everyone can be held to same standards 8 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes In career leaned to depend on good people does not feel threatened by good people around her. 17 She leaned to shield people from her demands by appointing intermediaries She considers herself Type A - very demanding demanding standards Personality: standards Has lots of passion and energy for her job High energy/ passion Work ethic/ Passion Describes herself as passionate with high energy levels 18 Big Role models - Sallie and Alice Bell Role Models excellence Alice - very difficult boss, trendsetter, visionary, technically brilliant, hard worker BUT not a good leader, very political (negatively) - Anti Role Model 19 dislikes laziness work ethic 9 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 20 Key moments in career - political journalism and coming back to Naspers Reward for hard work Work ethic Never contemplated CEO position A just reward and being noticed for hard work Status (Visibility) 21 Considers herself a good writer, very good editor, good manager and a better editor than CEO KB saw financially capable, tough boss, inspirational editor, passion and understanding political landscape. Recognition Anxiety: expectation, excellence Performance Anxiety 22 The jump to CEO was huge She prefers operational Prefers passionate and energetic people Personality Able to deal with difficult people (previous boss) 23 Direct and straight with people Personality: forthright 10 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes Managed to weed out dysfunctional people from exco They could not inspire, share passion coordinate business units 24 She leads from the front Lead from front Personality: pioneer Able to spread message o entire organisation about the need to transform to digital and to reinvent themselves Preparedness to cannibalise products prepare people for a different future 25 Use 3 year business planning cycles and rolling monthly forecasts to financially budget and plan for a digital future without print revenues Transition budget for new future Diligence in transitional activities Attention: Routines and Activities Planning current business without denying digital future 11 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 26 Won't be a cash cow for Naspers much longer Getting out of printing business forced to sell NOVUS and diversify 27 Reallocation of M24 financial resources is a M24 decision independence 28 Business plans presented to Naspers and followed with much debate. Budgets are rearranged until it and investments tie up with a digital vision Debates - decision making Decision Architecture Levers (DAL): Formal/ Participative/ Debate 29 Use of own resources to access finance. Naspers also assists in raising debt finance Loyalty in Naspers leadership ability Faith in Naspers ability Identity: cultural 30 Faith in Naspers in rooted in their successful history - same with M24 Understands need to invest in digital 12 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes future to save journalism Transition to digital is seen as the main job KB leads digital strategy Sponsor: security vs loss of control (Ambivalence) Performance Anxiety Journalism is very important for democracy in SA 31 KB leads strategy on strategic mix of business and products (Spree) Status Anxiety Use of M24 marketing muscle to build e-commerce 32 M24 has 2 paths - Journalism and e- commerce/Logistics 33 Worst experience is not knowing whether she is a good enough CEO Imposter syndrome Anxiety: loss of control Discomposed Constant source of anxiety in her life Performance Anxiety Vacillating between confidence and self- doubt Experience of inadequacy Feels discomposed out of control Makes life hard to deal with 13 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 34 Proud of having built a strong team Constant struggle to feel in control Excellence, accomplishment and recognition Convinces herself that she has to control the process (comes from good place) Status Anxiety 35 She is desperate to control the strategic agenda without print Save Journalism Anxiety - Strategic Agenda Attention: Journalism Agenda is to save Journalism Best experience is having built a team loyal to each other and the company excellence/ Recognition Status (Visibility) She is driven by passion to keep stress at bay Diligence in activities Attention: Journalism 36 Journalism will not be underwritten by Naspers Passion and devotion to Journalism, the industry and the company KB/BvD believes that journalism must be financially self sufficient Anxiety: Financial sustainability/ Survival of journalism Performance anxiety Existential Anxiety Attention: Journalism 37 KB philosophy on journalism/self- 14 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes sufficiency is cause for anxiety Difficult to keep journalism self- sufficient in transitioning industry Have to fight to save journalism - on our own to save company and journalism. While KB is present M24 is an important asset to keep watch over society Attention: Journalism 38 Naspers support for journalism is contingent upon financial sustainability KB is involved with all major decisions - clear decisions with him Sponsor: Security and frustration/ loss of control Ambivalence DAL: Closure EW is CEO but KB very involved Status Anxiety Feels frustrating and comforting 39 KB very persuasive and insistent on matters Sponsor: Deference Advice to successor - Passion and love for Advice: Passion, Journalism Attention: Journalism 15 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes journalism, KB will always be present - never left alone important/ Not alone Status Anxiety 40 360 view by colleagues - Passionate, high energy, work ethic, collaborative, demanding, unpretentious boss. Attention: Task/ Activity Admits contradiction in collaborative and directional leadership styles Leadership: directional and consultative Directional relates only to digital future and championing role 41 Decision making process is very formalised (Strategy) Decision Architecture very formal DAL: Formal Debate Information Participative Closure Cascades down via presentations and debates Very regular planning sessions 42 Business plans of business units are debated CFO plays big role Large investments are cleared with Naspers 16 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes Attention is very much on Journalism (readership metrics) EW Attention: Journalism and Editorial Attention: Journalism EW is focused on News, Editorials and Content EW- 002 2 Not people oriented - very task focused Excellence expresses concern for people emphasises passion for the industry Anxiety: Urgency of transition Industry is in urgent transition - requiring passion to make journalism survive Attention: Journalism Uses missionary terminology and passion to motivate people Anxiety: Survival/ pioneer role Attention: Journalism People have agency to save industry and journalism and jobs Sees herself as Pied Piper 3 It is about reallocation of skills and resources to match company needs Activity: Reallocation of resources Attention: Activity 17 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes Provide clear leadership and direction Focus on task not people Attention: Activity Average on empathy levels Leads from the front Involves people to discuss issues Consultative 4 Allows people space to arrive at heir own decisions especially after they were dominated by their previous bosses DAL: Participative Tendency to be directional Focus on task not people Leadership is situational in many instances Consultative Allows debate even if the answers are known - in order to develop people DAL: Participative Shaped by discipline of a perfectionist mother. Personality: perfectionist Attention: Activity & Routines 6 Being absolutely certain (150% sure) is in context of the old print world. Anxiety: transition of industry New world is more in flux - everyone is experimenting 18 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 7 Acceptance that failure is possible - need to regroup and try new things tolerates extensive exploration at operational level - not in financial matters. Exploration: operational Does lots of testing at product level Financial resources are limited and exploration can have serious financial and personal cost if it goes wrong Able to choose battles selectively Consultative in transitional state experiment with product not with which business to strategically enter. 8 Considers herself a consultative leader in a transitional industry where long term plans are infeasible Consultative in transitional state DAL: Participative Good ideas are considered - but in large investments Formal decision making architecture DAL: Formal Closure 19 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes would involve Naspers. Debate Information participative decisions involve debates and interrogation of business plans Formal decision making process (except for smaller investments) Always follow a specific decision making process 9 Only once in 3 years did she over rule CFO in a decision making process (Business Insider decision) Formal decision making architecture DAL: Participative Closure Normally would debate and follow specific process Context: the issues had been debated extensively over a long period - so her decision was not sudden 10 BI deal was good - CFO was risk averse Anxiety Survival Attention: Journalism There was concern for viability and survivability of the business - Anxiety 20 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 11 Few media companies around the world are likely to survive M24 is 17yrs old. And ahead of the curve Anxiety: survival Sponsor: comfort and security Performance Anxiety Although e- commerce is cash hungry, Naspers has deep pockets Has faith that Naspers that M24 will survive - NOT worried Job shedding is difficult - not personal Anxiety: attention shifted to task and diligence Attention: Diligence Activity 12 Shields herself from emotion of retrenchment Deflects attention to HR people Justifies - business need to reallocate skills and technical resources (engineers) New trend learned from China - Sales force needs to be expanded Diligence/ Task focus Attention: Diligence Activity 21 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes counterintuitive trend based on algorithm driven world. 13 Naspers is supportive of M24s role to protect society and democracy Sponsor : Security/ comfort They "believe" in M24s role - (use of religious type imagery) Naspers no longer regards M24 as a one line legacy business in the FS Our job is to run M24 and make it survive. 14 Display of anxiety when I question the KB role. Concern expressed for confidentiality when I write about it Anxiety: Confidentiality/ Relationships Status Anxiety Existential Anxiety Always consults with KB - have had clashes before (especially the sale of building) 15 Able to stand up to KB when it comes to editorial issues (controls her space) Editorial independence - Control Attention: Journalism 22 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes In other matters she picks her battles and willing to compromise - plays the game Sponsor: Compromise Wonders aloud - how much control does she really have as CEO? Anxiety: Control/ Lack of control Existential Anxiety 16 She concurs hat the redline is editorial matters and journalistic ethic Editorial independence (control) Ambivalence: (other matters (Financial/ E- comm) Loss of control Strategic decisions Attention; Journalism Performance Anxiety (e- commerce/financials) Status Anxiety Ring-fences expertise (Journalism/ editorial hers - control) and concedes finance and e-Comm to KB/BvD Lots of interference - Many chefs in the kitchen 17 KB takes lead on many strategic decisions Independence/ control Status Anxiety 18 Fought hard for the Novus value of shares they achieved (control) Operational diligence Attention: Diligence Activity In the old world strategy was based on operational 23 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes diligence and fundamentals In context of old world it worked well for he - Turnaround of flagship mags 19 The strategy is unlikely to be replicated in the new world era 20 Misunderstood question regarding media and message Using her response anyway is insightful - Both are important (50/50) Diligence Attentional: Diligence Activity Content and medium is intertwined and financial sues comes through content 21 In future the media part of the business may be a lot smaller - which will necessitate skill changes Need to for good skills and develop a trust in technical experts in the business 24 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes Regarding JP book - was not kept closely informed Editorial Independence/ Trust/ Recognition Attentional: Journalism 22 Very proud of editorial independence displayed Showed trust in publishers Was personally aggrieved by breaking the story in a competitor newspaper was satisfied with reasoning - showed trust in the decision and the independence 23 JP book was printed by competitor but was an operational decision by the publisher Trust Attention: Activity \Legal and other risks are imminent Loyalty Proud of editorial independence at work in Multichoice/ ANN7 story linking Naspers to state capture Editorial Independence Trust Recognition Attention: Journalism 25 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes 24 JP book classic case of editorial independence She attends to all legal aspects personally Loyalty/ Trust Status (Visibility) Support for author and publisher include financial support Refuse 3rd party financial support offered. Set example in MC story as CEO/Journalist Editorial Independence Trust Recognition Status (Visibility) Status Anxiety Existential Anxiety Attentional: Activity Stood by values of independence Gained huge respect and recognition from editors and journalists 25 Was kept informed of MC story Requested only procedural fairness before publication of story Naspers "understood" need for independence - Real 26 Data # First Level Codes Categories Themes Theory inspired themes If independence were impeded was prepared to resign as CEO Status Anxiety 26 MC matter is difficult and not over Recognition Anxiety Tension in board room independence/ recognition Existential Anxiety Affecting business dealings between M24 and MC independence/ recognition Performance Anxiety She is focused on core values Trust Attentional: Journalism Deflects from herself - suggests other CEOs might have done same.